SAP Crystal Reports 2011, Win User's Guide Page 160
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Characteristics of the data needed for hierarchical grouping
You can group data in a report to show hierarchical relationships. When you group data hierarchically,
Crystal Reports sorts information based on the relationship between two fields. A hierarchical relationship
must be inherent in the data that you use for the report:
• Parent and child fields must be of the same data type for the program to recognize a relationship
between them.
• The data in the parent field must be a subset of the data in the child field.
• For the top level of a hierarchy to appear in a report, the value must appear in the child data, and
the corresponding row in the parent data must be empty.
• There cannot be any circular logic in the data (that is, A cannot be related to B, while B is related to
C, and C is related back to A).
For example, if you want to show the hierarchical relationship of the people who work in a department,
you could group data by employee name (the child field) and specify the hierarchy by using the field
that lists whom the employee reports to (the parent field). Your database tables might look like the
following example.
Supervisor (parent)Employee (child)
ThomasJane
Mina
ThomasGerard
ThomasAlbert
MinaThomas
ThomasBeth
ThomasTeresa
ThomasGareth
ThomasValerie
MinaGillian
2012-03-14160
Sorting, Grouping, and Totaling
- ■ SAP Crystal Reports 2011 1
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- Contents 10
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- 2012-03-1416 16
- 2012-03-1417 17
- 2012-03-1418 18
- 2012-03-1419 19
- 2012-03-1420 20
- 1.1 About Crystal Reports 21
- 1.2.2 Sample Reports 22
- Quick Start 23
- 2.2 Report Creation Wizards 24
- 2.2.1 Standard 24
- 2.2.2 Cross-Tab 24
- 2.2.3 Mailing Label 25
- 2.2.4 OLAP 25
- 2.3 Quick start for new users 25
- 2.3.1 Before you begin 26
- 2.3.2 Creating the report 26
- 2012-03-1427 27
- 2.3.2.2 Report sections 28
- 2.3.2.3 Inserting a field 28
- 2.3.2.4 Understanding fields 29
- 2.3.2.6 Selecting fields 30
- 2.3.2.7 Resizing fields 31
- 2.3.2.8 Reviewing your work 31
- 2012-03-1432 32
- 2012-03-1433 33
- 2.3.2.12 Adding a title 34
- 2.3.2.13 Formatting objects 35
- 2.3.2.15 Saving the report 36
- 2.3.3 Record Selection 37
- 2012-03-1438 38
- 2.3.3.2 Deleting a field 39
- 2012-03-1440 40
- 2.3.4 Grouping and sorting 41
- 2.3.4.1 Grouping the report 41
- 2012-03-1442 42
- 2.3.4.3 Sorting records 43
- 2012-03-1444 44
- 2.3.5 Completing the report 45
- 2012-03-1446 46
- 2012-03-1447 47
- 2012-03-1448 48
- 2012-03-1449 49
- 2012-03-1450 50
- Report Design Concepts 51
- 2012-03-1452 52
- 3.2.3 Finding the data 53
- 3.2.4 Manipulating the data 54
- 2012-03-1455 55
- 2012-03-1456 56
- 2012-03-1457 57
- 2012-03-1458 58
- Introduction to Reporting 59
- 4.2.1 The Database Expert 60
- 4.2.1.1 Data tab 60
- 2012-03-1461 61
- 4.2.1.2 Links tab 62
- 4.2.2 The Field Explorer 62
- 4.2.2.1 Tree View 62
- 2012-03-1463 63
- 4.2.2.3 Group Name Fields 64
- 4.3.1 Design tab 64
- 4.3.1.1 Design tab areas 65
- 2012-03-1466 66
- 2012-03-1467 67
- 4.3.2 Preview tab 68
- 4.3.2.1 Standard view 68
- 4.3.2.2 Preview Panel 69
- 4.3.2.2.2 The Parameter Panel 70
- 4.3.2.2.3 Find tab 71
- 4.3.3 HTML Preview tab 72
- 4.4 Creating a new report 73
- 4.4.2 Adding tables 74
- 4.4.2.1 To add a table 74
- 4.4.3 Linking multiple tables 75
- 4.4.4.1 Database fields 76
- 4.4.4.2 Formula fields 77
- 4.4.4.3 SQL Expression fields 77
- 4.4.4.4 Parameter fields 78
- 4.4.4.5 Running total fields 78
- 4.4.4.6 Special fields 79
- 4.4.4.7 Text objects 79
- 4.4.4.8 Picture fields 80
- 4.4.4.9 Hyperlink fields 81
- 2012-03-1482 82
- 4.4.6 Formatting data 83
- 4.4.7 Record selection 84
- 4.4.9.1 Drill-down cursor 85
- 4.4.10 Using the zoom feature 85
- 2012-03-1486 86
- 2012-03-1487 87
- 4.5.1 The Report Explorer 88
- 4.5.1.1 Toolbar 89
- 4.5.2 The Workbench 90
- 4.5.2.1 Toolbar 90
- 4.5.2.2 Shortcut Menus 91
- 4.5.3 The Dependency Checker 91
- 4.5.3.1 Shortcut Menu 92
- 2012-03-1493 93
- 4.6 Beyond basic reports 94
- 5.1.1 Work flow 95
- 2012-03-1496 96
- 2012-03-1497 97
- 2012-03-1498 98
- 2012-03-1499 99
- 2012-03-14100 100
- 5.5.4 Adding a command 101
- 2012-03-14102 102
- 2012-03-14103 103
- 2012-03-14104 104
- 2012-03-14105 105
- 2012-03-14106 106
- 6.1 Overview 107
- 2012-03-14108 108
- 2012-03-14109 109
- 2012-03-14110 110
- 6.3.2.1 Live data 111
- 6.3.2.2 Saved data 111
- 2012-03-14112 112
- 2012-03-14113 113
- 2012-03-14114 114
- 2012-03-14115 115
- 6.4.2 Using table indexes 116
- 2012-03-14117 117
- 2012-03-14118 118
- 2012-03-14119 119
- 6.5.2.1 General 120
- 6.5.2.2 PC Databases 121
- 6.5.2.3 SQL Databases 121
- 2012-03-14122 122
- 2012-03-14123 123
- 2012-03-14124 124
- 2012-03-14125 125
- 2012-03-14126 126
- 2012-03-14127 127
- 2012-03-14128 128
- Record Selection 129
- 7.1.3 Using the Select Expert 130
- 2012-03-14131 131
- 7.1.4 Using formulas 132
- 2012-03-14133 133
- 7.2 Using formula templates 134
- 2012-03-14135 135
- 2012-03-14136 136
- 2012-03-14137 137
- 2012-03-14138 138
- 2012-03-14139 139
- 2012-03-14140 140
- 8.1 Sorting data 141
- 8.1.1.1 Sorting data 141
- 8.1.1.2 Sort field 142
- 8.1.1.3 Sort Direction 143
- 8.1.2.1 To sort your data 144
- 8.1.3 Sort controls 145
- 2012-03-14146 146
- 8.2 Grouping data 147
- 8.2.1 Grouping data 147
- 8.2.1.1 To group data 147
- 2012-03-14148 148
- 8.2.2 Creating custom groups 149
- 2012-03-14150 150
- 2012-03-14151 151
- 8.2.5 Group selection 152
- 2012-03-14153 153
- 2012-03-14154 154
- 2012-03-14155 155
- 2012-03-14156 156
- 2012-03-14157 157
- 2012-03-14158 158
- 2012-03-14159 159
- 2012-03-14160 160
- 2012-03-14161 161
- 2012-03-14162 162
- 2012-03-14163 163
- 2012-03-14164 164
- 8.2.9 Editing groups 165
- 8.3 Summarizing grouped data 166
- 2012-03-14167 167
- 2012-03-14168 168
- 2012-03-14169 169
- 2012-03-14170 170
- 8.4 Subtotaling 171
- 8.4.1 Subtotaling data 171
- 8.4.1.1 To subtotal data 171
- 2012-03-14172 172
- 8.5 Percentages 173
- 2012-03-14174 174
- 8.6 Group headers 175
- 8.6.1 Creating group headers 175
- 8.6.1.1 Standard headers 176
- 8.6.1.2 Live headers 176
- 2012-03-14177 177
- 2012-03-14178 178
- 2012-03-14179 179
- 2012-03-14180 180
- Running Totals 181
- 9.2 Creating running totals 182
- 2012-03-14183 183
- 2012-03-14184 184
- 2012-03-14185 185
- 2012-03-14186 186
- 2012-03-14187 187
- 2012-03-14188 188
- 2012-03-14189 189
- 2012-03-14190 190
- Multiple Section Reports 191
- 10.2.1 Inserting a section 192
- 10.2.2 Deleting a section 192
- 10.2.3 Moving a section 193
- 10.3.1 Splitting a section 194
- 10.3.2 Resizing a section 195
- 2012-03-14196 196
- 2012-03-14197 197
- 10.5 Form letters 198
- 10.5.1.1 Move/Resize mode 199
- 10.5.1.2 Edit mode 199
- 2012-03-14200 200
- 2012-03-14201 201
- 10.5.2.2 Inserting a date 202
- 2012-03-14203 203
- 2012-03-14204 204
- 2012-03-14205 205
- 2012-03-14206 206
- Formatting 207
- 11.2.1 Applying a template 208
- 2012-03-14209 209
- 2012-03-14210 210
- 2012-03-14211 211
- 2012-03-14212 212
- 2012-03-14213 213
- 2012-03-14214 214
- 2012-03-14215 215
- 11.3.3 Pre-printed forms 216
- 11.3.4 Multiple columns 216
- 11.3.5 Hiding report sections 217
- 11.3.5.1 Hide (Drill-Down OK) 217
- 11.3.6 Hiding report objects 218
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- 2012-03-14220 220
- 2012-03-14221 221
- 2012-03-14222 222
- 2012-03-14223 223
- 2012-03-14224 224
- 11.3.10.1 Using the grid 225
- 11.3.10.2 Selecting the grid 225
- 11.3.10.4 Viewing guidelines 226
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- 2012-03-14228 228
- 2012-03-14229 229
- 11.3.10.9 Indenting lines 230
- 2012-03-14231 231
- 2012-03-14232 232
- 11.3.13 Vertical placement 233
- 2012-03-14234 234
- 2012-03-14235 235
- 11.3.17 Setting page margins 236
- 11.3.18 TrueType fonts 236
- 11.3.19 Printer drivers 237
- 11.4 Formatting properties 238
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- 2012-03-14262 262
- 11.6.7 Undo/Redo activities 263
- 11.7 Using the Format Painter 263
- 2012-03-14264 264
- 11.8 Working with barcodes 265
- 11.8.1 Adding a barcode 265
- 11.8.1.1 To add a barcode 266
- 11.8.3 Removing a barcode 267
- 2012-03-14268 268
- Charting 269
- 12.1.2 Chart layouts 270
- 12.1.3 Chart types 271
- 2012-03-14272 272
- 12.1.4 Where to place a chart 273
- 12.1.5 Drill-down with charts 273
- 12.2 Creating charts 274
- 2012-03-14275 275
- 2012-03-14276 276
- 2012-03-14277 277
- 12.3 Working with charts 278
- 2012-03-14279 279
- 2012-03-14280 280
- 12.3.5 Auto-arranging charts 281
- 12.3.6 Formatting charts 282
- 2012-03-14283 283
- 2012-03-14284 284
- 13.1 Mapping concepts 285
- 13.1.1 Mapping overview 285
- 13.1.2 Map layouts 285
- 13.1.3 Map types 286
- 2012-03-14287 287
- 13.1.4 Where to place a map 288
- 13.1.5 Drill-down with maps 289
- 13.2 Creating maps 289
- 13.2.1.1 To map on a group 290
- 2012-03-14291 291
- 2012-03-14292 292
- 13.3 Working with maps 293
- 13.3.2 Changing the map title 294
- 13.3.3 Changing the map type 294
- 13.3.4 Changing map layers 294
- 13.3.4.1 To change map layers 295
- 2012-03-14296 296
- 2012-03-14297 297
- 13.3.8 Panning a map 298
- 13.3.9 Centering a map 298
- 2012-03-14299 299
- 13.3.11 Formatting Maps 300
- 13.3.12 To underlay a map 300
- 14.1 OLE overview 301
- 14.1.1 OLE terminology 301
- 14.1.2 Types of OLE objects 302
- 2012-03-14303 303
- 14.4.1 In-place editing 304
- 2012-03-14305 305
- 2012-03-14306 306
- 2012-03-14307 307
- 14.6.1 Embedded objects 308
- 14.6.2 Linked objects 309
- 2012-03-14310 310
- 2012-03-14311 311
- 2012-03-14312 312
- 2012-03-14313 313
- 2012-03-14314 314
- Cross-Tab Objects 315
- 15.2 Cross-Tab example 316
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- 2012-03-14319 319
- 2012-03-14320 320
- 2012-03-14321 321
- 2012-03-14322 322
- 2012-03-14323 323
- 15.3.4 Modifying the links 324
- 15.3.5 Adding a chart 324
- 15.3.6 Selecting records 325
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- 2012-03-14328 328
- 15.4 Working with Cross-Tabs 329
- 2012-03-14330 330
- 2012-03-14331 331
- 15.4.4.2 To total across rows 332
- 15.4.5.1 To repeat row labels 332
- 15.5 Formatting Cross-Tabs 333
- 2012-03-14334 334
- 2012-03-14335 335
- 15.6.1 Calculated Members 336
- 2012-03-14337 337
- 15.6.1.4 Calculation Formulas 338
- 15.6.1.5 Header Formulas 338
- 15.6.1.6 Value Formulas 339
- 15.6.1.7 Insertion Formulas 339
- 15.6.2 Embedded Summaries 340
- 2012-03-14341 341
- 2012-03-14342 342
- Building Queries 343
- 2012-03-14344 344
- 2012-03-14345 345
- 2012-03-14346 346
- Crystal Reports Online Help 347
- 16.5.1 Creating query filters 348
- 16.5.2 Building prompts 349
- 16.5.2.1 To create a prompt 350
- 2012-03-14351 351
- 2012-03-14352 352
- 2012-03-14353 353
- 2012-03-14354 354
- 16.6.1 What is a subquery? 355
- 16.6.2 Building a subquery 355
- 16.6.2.1 To build a subquery 355
- 16.6.2.2 Subquery parameters 356
- 2012-03-14357 357
- 2012-03-14358 358
- 16.6.4.2 Ranking parameters 359
- 2012-03-14360 360
- 17.1.1 OLAP grid objects 361
- 17.2 Creating an OLAP report 362
- 2012-03-14363 363
- 2012-03-14364 364
- 17.2.4.1 To specify a slice 365
- 17.2.4.2 To add a page 366
- 17.2.4.3 To add a parameter 366
- 17.2.6 Inserting a chart 367
- 17.3 Updating an OLAP report 368
- 2012-03-14369 369
- 2012-03-14370 370
- 17.4.3 Formatting grid lines 371
- 17.4.4 Labeling dimensions 372
- 2012-03-14373 373
- 2012-03-14374 374
- 2012-03-14375 375
- 17.6.2.1 To add a filter 376
- 2012-03-14377 377
- 2012-03-14378 378
- 18.1 Distributing reports 379
- 18.1.1 Printing a report 379
- 18.1.2 Faxing a report 379
- 18.1.2.1 To fax a report 380
- 18.1.3 Exporting a report 380
- 18.1.3.1 Export format types 380
- 2012-03-14381 381
- 2012-03-14382 382
- 2012-03-14383 383
- 18.1.3.2 Destination 384
- 2012-03-14385 385
- 2012-03-14386 386
- 2012-03-14387 387
- 18.1.3.7 Exporting to HTML 388
- 2012-03-14389 389
- 18.1.4.1 To open your report 390
- 18.1.4.2 To save your report 390
- 2012-03-14391 391
- 2012-03-14392 392
- 18.2 Viewing reports 393
- 18.2.1.1.1 Report Part Viewer 394
- 2012-03-14395 395
- 2012-03-14396 396
- 2012-03-14397 397
- 2012-03-14398 398
- 2012-03-14399 399
- 2012-03-14400 400
- 2012-03-14401 401
- 2012-03-14402 402
- 18.2.1.6 Data context formats 403
- 2012-03-14404 404
- 2012-03-14405 405
- 18.3 Using smart tags 406
- 2012-03-14407 407
- 2012-03-14408 408
- Report Alerts 409
- 2012-03-14410 410
- 19.2.2 Editing Report Alerts 411
- 19.2.3 Deleting Report Alerts 412
- 19.2.4 Viewing Report Alerts 412
- 2012-03-14413 413
- 2012-03-14414 414
- Using Formulas 415
- 20.2.1 Formula components 416
- 20.2.2 Formula syntax 417
- 20.2.2.2 For more information 418
- 20.4 Specifying formulas 419
- 2012-03-14420 420
- 20.4.1.2 Workshop Tree 421
- 2012-03-14422 422
- 2012-03-14423 423
- 2012-03-14424 424
- 20.4.2.2 Choosing the syntax 425
- 2012-03-14426 426
- 2012-03-14427 427
- 2012-03-14428 428
- 2012-03-14429 429
- 2012-03-14430 430
- 20.5.3 Editing formulas 431
- 20.5.5 Copying formulas 432
- 2012-03-14433 433
- 20.6 Deleting formulas 434
- 20.7 Debugging formulas 435
- 20.7.2 Debugging tutorial 436
- 20.7.2.1 About this tutorial 436
- 20.7.2.2 Formula1 436
- 20.7.2.3 Formula2 437
- 20.7.2.4 Formula3 438
- 20.7.2.5 Formula4 438
- 20.7.2.6 Formula1+2 439
- 20.7.2.7 FinalFormula 439
- 2012-03-14440 440
- 2012-03-14441 441
- 2012-03-14442 442
- 2012-03-14443 443
- 2012-03-14444 444
- 2012-03-14445 445
- 2012-03-14446 446
- 2012-03-14447 447
- 2012-03-14448 448
- 2012-03-14449 449
- 2012-03-14450 450
- Parameter Fields and Prompts 451
- 21.1.2 Prompt considerations 452
- 2012-03-14453 453
- 21.1.4 Optional parameters 454
- 2012-03-14455 455
- 2012-03-14456 456
- 21.3.1 List-of-values types 457
- 2012-03-14458 458
- 2012-03-14459 459
- 2012-03-14460 460
- 2012-03-14461 461
- 2012-03-14462 462
- 2012-03-14463 463
- 2012-03-14464 464
- 2012-03-14465 465
- 2012-03-14466 466
- 2012-03-14467 467
- 2012-03-14468 468
- 21.7 The Parameter Panel 469
- 2012-03-14470 470
- 2012-03-14471 471
- 21.8.4 Null handling 472
- 21.8.5 Long lists of values 473
- 21.9.1 Unmanaged reports 474
- 21.9.2 Managed reports 474
- Business Views 475
- Administrator's Guide 475
- 2012-03-14476 476
- 2012-03-14477 477
- 2012-03-14478 478
- 2012-03-14479 479
- 2012-03-14480 480
- 2012-03-14481 481
- 2012-03-14482 482
- 2012-03-14483 483
- 2012-03-14484 484
- 2012-03-14485 485
- 2012-03-14486 486
- 2012-03-14487 487
- 2012-03-14488 488
- Subreports 489
- 22.1.1.1 Unlinked 490
- 22.1.1.2 Linked 490
- 2012-03-14491 491
- 22.2 Inserting subreports 492
- 22.2.1 Previewing subreports 493
- 22.2.3 Updating subreports 494
- 2012-03-14495 495
- 2012-03-14496 496
- 2012-03-14497 497
- 2012-03-14498 498
- 2012-03-14499 499
- 2012-03-14500 500
- 22.8.1 To add a caption 501
- 2012-03-14502 502
- Understanding Databases 503
- 23.1.2 Indexed tables 504
- 2012-03-14505 505
- 2012-03-14506 506
- 23.2.1 What is SQL? 507
- 2012-03-14508 508
- 23.2.2 SQL DBMS 509
- 23.2.2.1 Stored procedures 510
- 2012-03-14511 511
- 23.2.4 The SQL language 512
- 23.2.4.1 SELECT 512
- 23.2.4.2 DISTINCT 512
- 23.2.4.3 FROM 512
- 23.2.4.4 WHERE 513
- 23.2.4.5 ORDER BY 513
- 23.2.4.6 GROUP BY 514
- 2012-03-14515 515
- 2012-03-14516 516
- 23.3 Changing data sources 517
- 2012-03-14518 518
- 23.4 Working with aliases 519
- 23.5 Linking tables 520
- 23.5.1 Link from and link to 520
- 23.5.2 Link relationships 520
- 2012-03-14521 521
- 2012-03-14522 522
- 2012-03-14523 523
- 23.5.4.1 Linking data files 524
- 2012-03-14525 525
- 23.5.5.1 Linked SQL tables 526
- 23.5.6.1 Consideration 1 527
- 23.5.6.2 Consideration 2 528
- 23.5.6.3 Consideration 3 528
- 23.5.8 Linking indexed tables 529
- 23.5.9 Link processing order 530
- 23.5.10 Linking options 531
- 23.5.10.1 Inner join 531
- 23.5.10.2 Left Outer join 532
- 2012-03-14533 533
- 23.5.10.3 Right Outer join 534
- 23.5.10.4 Full Outer join 535
- 23.5.10.5 Not Enforced 536
- 23.5.10.6 Enforced From 536
- 23.5.10.7 Enforced To 537
- 23.5.10.8 Enforced Both 537
- 23.5.10.9 Equal [=] link 537
- 2012-03-14538 538
- 2012-03-14539 539
- 2012-03-14540 540
- 2012-03-14541 541
- 2012-03-14542 542
- 2012-03-14543 543
- 23.6 Server-side processing 544
- 2012-03-14545 545
- 2012-03-14546 546
- 23.7 Mapping database fields 547
- 23.7.2 Remapping processes 548
- 2012-03-14549 549
- 2012-03-14550 550
- 23.8 Saved Data Indexes 551
- 23.8.3.1 To index saved data 552
- 23.10 Working with databases 553
- 23.10.1 Using Access queries 553
- 2012-03-14554 554
- 2012-03-14555 555
- 2012-03-14556 556
- 2012-03-14557 557
- 2012-03-14558 558
- 23.11.1 One-to-many links 559
- 23.11.2 ACT! databases 560
- 2012-03-14561 561
- 2012-03-14562 562
- 24.1 Integrating with SAP 563
- 24.1.1 Introduction 563
- 2012-03-14564 564
- Logging on to the SAP server 565
- 2012-03-14566 566
- 24.1.2 Add-Ons 567
- 24.1.3 Reporting with SAP 567
- MDX Query driver overview 568
- Formatted reporting overview 569
- 2012-03-14570 570
- 2012-03-14571 571
- 2012-03-14572 572
- Selecting cubes for reports 573
- Saving reports to BW 574
- To save a report to BW 574
- To create a simple BW query 575
- To save the query in BW 576
- To create a new report 576
- To group and sort data 577
- To summarize the data 578
- To save your report 578
- 2012-03-14579 579
- How to summarize data 581
- 2012-03-14582 582
- 2012-03-14583 583
- 2012-03-14584 584
- 2012-03-14585 585
- 2012-03-14586 586
- 2012-03-14587 587
- Selecting an ODS object 588
- Click Options 589
- 2012-03-14590 590
- 2012-03-14591 591
- InfoSet Query driver overview 592
- 2012-03-14593 593
- 2012-03-14594 594
- 2012-03-14595 595
- Open SQL driver overview 596
- 2012-03-14597 597
- 2012-03-14598 598
- Linking tables and views 599
- To clear Auto-Links 599
- Client field 599
- Language field 599
- Reporting off ABAP functions 599
- How it works 600
- Limitations 600
- Examples 600
- 2012-03-14601 601
- 2012-03-14602 602
- 2012-03-14603 603
- What is a data cluster? 604
- Mapping ABAP data clusters 605
- 2012-03-14606 606
- 2012-03-14607 607
- 2012-03-14608 608
- 2012-03-14609 609
- 2012-03-14610 610
- 2012-03-14611 611
- 2012-03-14612 612
- 2012-03-14613 613
- 2012-03-14614 614
- 2012-03-14615 615
- 2012-03-14616 616
- 2012-03-14617 617
- Applying row-level security 618
- 2012-03-14619 619
- 2012-03-14620 620
- 2012-03-14621 621
- 2012-03-14622 622
- Reports Online Help 623
- 24.1.3.3.2 Publishing Reports 624
- 24.2.1 Overview 625
- 24.3 Integrating with Siebel 626
- 24.3.1 Connecting to Siebel 626
- 2012-03-14627 627
- 2012-03-14628 628
- 24.3.2.1 Connection names 629
- 24.3.2.2 Server 629
- 24.3.2.3 Local 630
- 2012-03-14631 631
- 2012-03-14632 632
- 2012-03-14633 633
- 24.3.6 Security 634
- 24.3.7 Views 634
- 24.3.7.1 The View Mode field 634
- 2012-03-14635 635
- 24.3.10 Multi-value columns 636
- 24.3.11 Data Types 636
- 2012-03-14637 637
- 24.4.1 Overview 638
- 2012-03-14639 639
- 24.5.1 Overview 640
- SAP Crystal Reports 641
- 2011 User Guide 641
- 2012-03-14642 642
- Accessing Data Sources 643
- A.2.1 Advantages 644
- A.2.2 Disadvantages 644
- A.2.3 Three layers 645
- A.2.3.1 Crystal Reports 645
- A.2.3.2 Data translation 645
- A.2.3.3 Database 646
- A.2.4 Common database formats 646
- A.2.4.1 Microsoft Access 646
- A.2.4.3 Paradox 647
- A.2.4.4 DAO 647
- A.2.4.5 Pervasive 648
- A.2.4.6 Exchange 649
- 2012-03-14650 650
- A.2.4.7 Outlook 651
- A.2.4.8 ACT! 651
- A.2.4.9 Oracle 652
- A.2.4.11 Lotus Domino 652
- A.2.4.13 DB2 Server 653
- A.2.4.14 Active Data 653
- A.2.4.15 Local file system 654
- A.2.4.16 NT Event Log 654
- A.2.4.18 Web/IIS log files 655
- A.3 ODBC data sources 655
- A.3.1 Advantages 656
- A.3.2 Disadvantages 656
- A.3.3 Five layers 657
- A.3.3.1 Crystal Reports layer 657
- A.3.3.3 ODBC layer 658
- A.3.3.5 Database layer 659
- A.3.6.1 Access 660
- A.3.6.2 Excel 661
- A.3.6.3 Informix 661
- A.3.6.5 Visual FoxPro 662
- A.3.6.6 Lotus Domino 662
- A.3.6.7 OLE DB 663
- A.4 JDBC data sources 663
- A.4.1 JNDI 664
- A.4.2 Five layers 664
- A.4.2.1 Crystal Reports layer 664
- A.4.2.3 JDBC layer 665
- A.4.2.5 Database layer 665
- A.6 Business Views 667
- Crystal Reports Online 668
- A.8 Crystal Dictionary files 669
- 2012-03-14670 670
- Report Processing Model 671
- B.1.4 Pre-pass 2 672
- B.1.5 Pass 2 672
- B.1.6 Pass 3 673
- 2012-03-14674 674
- C.1 Drive:\filename.extension 675
- C.2 Drive:\test.rpt 675
- 2012-03-14676 676
- 2012-03-14677 677
- 2012-03-14678 678
- Creating Accessible Reports 679
- 2012-03-14680 680
- 2012-03-14681 681
- 2012-03-14682 682
- 2012-03-14683 683
- D.2.2 Text 684
- D.2.2.3 Using punctuation 685
- D.2.2.4 Formatting text 686
- D.2.3 Color 687
- D.2.3.1 Contrasting colors 687
- D.2.4 Navigation 688
- D.2.5 Parameter fields 689
- D.3 Designing for flexibility 690
- 2012-03-14691 691
- 2012-03-14692 692
- 2012-03-14693 693
- 2012-03-14694 694
- 2012-03-14695 695
- 2012-03-14696 696
- 2012-03-14697 697
- 2012-03-14698 698
- 2012-03-14699 699
- 2012-03-14700 700
- D.7 Resources 701
- 2012-03-14702 702
- More Information 703
- LocationInformation Resource 704
- (continued) 705
- 2012-03-14706 706
- 2012-03-14709 709
- 2012-03-14715 715
- 2012-03-14717 717
- 2012-03-14718 718
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